Macro-Regions: New Tool Emerging for Regional Cooperation

Macro-regions in the European Union.

Author: Hr. Hrisoskulov

The development of new initiatives for creating new macro-regions in the European Union has recently speeded up considerably, and the range of new fields of regional cooperation is expanding noticeably. The European Commission adopted a Communication on the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region on 10 June 2009. On 8 December 2010 the European Commission will adopt a Communication on the EU Strategy for the Danube Region. Under German EU Presidency in 2007, the EU has developed under the framework of the European Neighbourhood policy a programme, “Black Sea Synergy”, with a number of concrete initiatives looking at areas like transport, energy, the environment, maritime management, fisheries, migration, and the fight against organised crime, the information society and cultural cooperation. The Black Sea region has the potential to become the third macro-region in the European Union.

Moldovan Troubles arising from Transformation

Moldova is one of the smallest and poorest European countries on the immediate border of the European Union. The Sunday early parliamentary elections (28 November 2010) in Moldova may be significant for the future orientation of the country. "After scheduled elections in April 2009 and snap polls in July 2009 failed to designate clear-cut winners, the forthcoming elections have been billed as another chance for Moldova to solve the institutional impasse." (the Sofia Echo)  Vladimir Socor, a Senior Fellow of the Washington-based Jamestown Foundation, is quite optimistic and underscored: "It seems to me that after these elections, after November 28, for the first time, there will be the majority of 61 seats in parliament to elect a new head of state." Two other possibilities is a Communist alliance with a centrist party that can garner enough votes to elect a president, or a strong enough showing by the Communists that they can continue to block such a vote, Andrew Yurkovsky had alleged citing Socor.

German-Russian "Change through Rapprochement or just Free Trade"

Angela Merkel, Vladimir Putin
(Archiv: EU-Russia Summit 17 Mai 2007)
Foto: Credit © European Union, 2010 

On 23 November 2010, Russia and the European Union agreed upon the modalities of the Russian accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Joint Statement remarked that the negotiators of the Russian Federation and of the European Commission have concluded the bilateral talks on key outstanding elements in the accession of the Russian Federation to the WTO. The reached understanding complements the results of the bilateral negotiations concluded in 2004 with regard to important aspects of Russia’s export duty regime and railway fees.

"After all these talks, we can say now we have practically resolved all the issues," Russian deputy premier Igor Shuvalov said after talks with European Commission President José Manuel Barroso and the commissioners for trade and foreign relations, EUobserver reported.

EU's and Eastern Partners' Autumn 2010: Tipping Point in Terms of Rapprochement?

The Autumn 2010 is a season which promises to be eventful for the multilateral relations between the European Union and the Eastern Partnership countries Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaidshan.

However, there are different voices coming from the EU and the partner countries.

• The European Union's offer is dominated by the motto: So do not be annoyed by some more requirements for democracy, better implement the existing provisions of the Eastern Partnership initiatvie.
• The partner countries have the motto: So do not be annoyed by some more mistakes in our democracy, better adopt measures to facilitate greater accessibility of our citizens and goods.

The result could be integrated into the countries' and European Union's ongoing development and show where the two parts can do better.

The Reluctant Eastern Partner: Ukraine

The European Union hosted the 14th EU-Ukraine Summit in Brusels on 22 November 2010.

Herman van Rompuy, José Manuel Barroso, Viktor Yanukovych.
Foto: Credit © European Union, 2010 

The following three main topics were high on the meeting agenda:

• The reform process in Ukraine: in particular macro-economic stability (the Standby Arrangement with the IMF, EU macro-financial aid); energy issues; the local elections of 31 October 2010 and the constitutional court decision; respect for human rights and democratic principles; civil society, media development and people-to-people contacts
• EU-Ukraine relations, including the Action Plan for a visa-free regime; progress with EU-Ukraine Association Agreement; energy reform; deepening cooperation and convergence in foreign and security policy; the Joint Co-operation Initiative for Crimea.
• Regional issues, in particular the Transnistrian conflict and the EU Border Assistance Mission; relations with Belarus.

Integrating Civil Society - The Case Civil Society Forum and Eastern Partnership

Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) play crucial role in the society and respectively in their involvement into the every day policy desiscion-making. They provide political input and are active actors in promoting democracy and market-orientated reforms in the national economy, in promoting the rule of law and the respect for human rights. Involving the CSOs into the desicion-making process on European level remains the top priority of the European Commission for a sustainable success of the Eastern Partnership that covers the post-soviet countries Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, and Aserbaidshan. In doing so the European Commission proposed in its Communication of December 2008

• "to support the further development of Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) and 
• to establish an EaP Civil Society Forum to promote contacts among CSOs and facilitate their dialogue with public authorities".

"Energy 2020" - Energieaußenpolitik am Beispiel der Östlichen Partnerschaft

Am 10. November 2010 legte die Europäische Kommission die lang erwartete Strategie "Energy 2020 - A Strategy for competitive, sustainable and secure energy" vor. Die Kommission nannte in dem Strategiepapier fünf wichtige Schwerpunkte: die Steigerung der Effizienz, die Durchsetzung des EU-Energiebinnenmarktes, die Weiterentwicklung von Energietechnologien, der Verbraucherschutz und Sicherheitsstandards, sowie die Stärkung der energiepolitischen Außenbeziehungen. Wieder einmal stehen die außenpolitischen Energiebeziehungen ganz oben auf der Agenda der Europäischen Kommission.

Ausgehend von diesen fünf Prioritäten will die Kommission in den kommenden 18 Monaten konkrete Gesetzgebungsinitiativen erarbeiten. Die vorgelegte Mitteilung bestimmt auch den ersten EU-Energiegipfel am 4. Februar 2011, und soll dort von den Staats- und Regierungschefs diskutiert werden, so EurActiv.de.